Aug 25, 2025  
2025-2026 Franklin & Marshall College Catalog 
  
2025-2026 Franklin & Marshall College Catalog

Earth and Environmental Science Major


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Our home, the Earth, is a complex, dynamic system that changes both cyclically and unpredictably. We need to understand these processes and how to protect and manage our natural resources, especially as they are increasingly affected by anthropogenic (human-caused) impacts.

Studying the environment draws on many disciplines, and the Department of Earth and Environment houses interdisciplinary faculty offering innovative curricula in both the natural and social sciences: 

  1. Earth and Environmental Scientists interpret field observations and laboratory data using principles from chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, geoscience and environmental science. They link processes that operate within and at the surface of the Earth and its atmosphere. These disciplines help to decipher the impact of human action on the planet and elucidate how Earth systems respond when they are disrupted.
  2. Environmental Studies professionals include managers, policymakers, business leaders, lawyers, and other experts working at the science-policy interface, able to address environmental management within cultural, economic, legal, and political contexts. Environmental Studies specialists also frequently work in the education and advocacy fields, engaging with the humanities as well as the social and natural sciences.

At Franklin & Marshall, two majors are available to students who wish to explore these concerns: Earth and Environmental Science and Environmental Studies. Each major has its own core of introductory courses, but there is sufficient overlap between them that students can begin to explore the environmental field without immediately choosing one major or another. If the Earth and Environmental Science major is chosen, students take a series of cognate science courses for breadth, more specialized courses in earth and environmental science, and mid-level courses in geoscience, biology, and/or chemistry. Students then choose electives focused within one of three tracks: Geoscience, Ecosystems, or Environmental Chemistry.

If the Environmental Studies major is chosen, students select two core social science courses in environmental policy, indigenous environmental justice, or environmental history, as well as two Global Perspective courses. They then take a natural science core and build a cluster of mid-level electives around categories reflecting their area of interest and specialization within the Environmental Studies field, including (i) Environmental Management and Biodiversity Conservation, (ii) Environmental History, Society, and Institutions, (iii) Environmental Humanities, and (iv) Climate Change and Environmental Justice.

Both majors include advanced courses, a foundation in research methods, opportunities to engage in research with members of the faculty, and an integrative capstone course. Many opportunities and significant financial support are available for students to study in the field, whether in their courses, on extracurricular field trips, or through a variety of research programs, internships, and/or while studying abroad.

The scope of employment opportunities open to graduates of this program is exceptionally broad. Many go on to study at the Master’s and PhD level in top Environmental Science and Environmental Management programs, as well as law school and business administration. Some of our alumni own or are employed by businesses engaged in earth and environmental fields including the management of resources (such as water and other natural resources needed for modern societies), and aquatic ecosystem restoration. Many others have gone on to successful careers in environmental law and policy, biodiversity conservation, and the energy industry (increasingly in renewable energy fields). Still others are teaching and conducting research in colleges and universities or working in various branches of state and federal government and/or in the environmental NGO/advocacy community. 

Earth and Environment Department Faculty


Professor Elizabeth De Santo, Chair

Dorothy J. Merritts
Harry W. & Mary B. Huffnagle Professor of Geosciences

Robert C. Walter
The Dr. Earl D. Stage & Mary E. Stage Professor of Geosciences

Andrew P. de Wet
Professor of Geosciences

Zeshan Ismat
Professor of Geosciences

James E. Strick
Professor of Science, Technology and Society

Christopher J. Williams
Professor of Environmental Science

Eve Z. Bratman
Associate Professor of Environmental Studies

Elizabeth M. De Santo
Associate Professor of Environmental Studies

Eric Hirsch
Associate Professor of Environmental Studies

Timothy D. Bechtel
Director of F&M Science Outreach and Senior Teaching Professor of Geosciences

James Jolles
Interim Assistant Director of the Writing Center and Adjunct Assistant Professor of Earth & Environment

Julia Carr
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Earth and Environment

Shuyu Chang
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Earth and Environment

Joseph Galella
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Earth and Environment

Major Requirements:


A major in Earth and Environmental Science consists of 15 courses:

1 quantitative course:


3 science cognate courses:


4 core Earth & Environmental Science courses, chosen from:


4 electives:


By this stage, students elect to focus one one of three tracks for their EES major, Geoscience, Ecosystems, or Environmental Chemistry.  2 of the 4 electives must be labs, chosen from the following or other approved courses based on the track chosen by the student (Geoscience, Ecosystems, or Environmental Chemistry):

Note:


ENE 353  can be taken during the summer after the sophomore or junior year: most commonly after the junior year.

Students planning to pursue graduate studies or professional employment in geosciences should take as many courses as possible from the following: MAT 110 MAT 111  and MAT 229 ; PHY 112 /PHY 102 ; and CHM 112 .

Likewise, students interested in ecosystems will be advised to take as many of the BIO courses as possible, and those interested in environmental chemistry will be advised to take as many CHM courses as possible.

The writing requirement in the EES major is met by the completion of ENE 480 .

To be considered for honors in any of the department’s majors, students must meet the College’s general requirements for honors. These include a significant body of excellent coursework in the department’s curriculum; no minimum grade point average is specified. 

Off-Campus Study:


Earth and Environment majors have studied abroad in several programs in recent years, including: School for Field Studies (SFS): Costa Rica, Australia, Kenya; University of Copenhagen, Denmark; School for International Training (SIT): Tanzania; Semester in Environmental Science, Woods Hole, Mass.; Sea Education Association, Sea Semester, Woods Hole; Butler University Programs in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland. See the International Programs section of the Catalog for further information.

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