Aug 25, 2025  
2025-2026 Franklin & Marshall College Catalog 
  
2025-2026 Franklin & Marshall College Catalog

Moral Psychology Major


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Scientific and Philosophical Studies of Mind (SPM) seeks to bridge the sciences and the humanities in the study of a common topic: the nature of mind. In order to provide a breadth of perspective as well as depth in an area of special interest, the SPM curriculum divides into two majors: Cognitive Science and Moral Psychology. 

Cognitive science is concerned with how minds fit into the natural world. Nature is mechanistic; could the mind be a machine? Can other animals-or even computers or robots- think? What is the (neural?) basis for consciousness? How do minds and mental abilities develop as we mature? 

Moral psychology is concerned with what it is for an individual to be a worthwhile and responsible moral agent, and with the psychological processes that lead people to engage in altruistic actions and to evaluate and punish others’ behaviors. Can we square our moral assessment of persons with a psychological understanding of the self? What does it take for a life to be significant or meaningful? Are humans primarily motivated toward good or evil? Is a moral sense innate or learned? To what extent do emotion and reason underlie moral judgments and actions? 

Successfully bridging the sciences and humanities so as to answer these questions requires that students gain a broad background in both the content and methodology of philosophy and psychology; the courses in the “Core” of the program aim to provide this background. The needed depth is provided in the majors themselves, in which students further hone their skills of critical thinking and philosophical analysis in the context of the interpretation, assessment and even construction of empirical research. The SPM majors culminate in the Senior Research Seminar, in which students conduct research on a topic that combines both philosophical and scientific approaches to the study of a topic of their choosing. Students may also expand their senior thesis with the goal of presenting the project for departmental honors. 

Scientific and Philosophical Studies of Mind Program Faculty


Professor Lauren Howard, Chair
 

Members of Scientific and Philosophical Studies of Mind Program Committee

Bennett Helm
Dr. Elijah E. Kresge Professor of Philosophy

Stephan A. Käufer
John Williamson Nevin Memorial Professor of Philosophy

Jessica Cox
Associate Professor of Spanish and Linguistics

Lauren Howard
Associate Professor of Psychology

Joshua Rottman
Associate Professor of Psychology

Elena Cuffari
Assistant Professor of Psychology & Scientific Philosophical Studies of Mind

Emily Jensen
Assistant Professor of Computer Science

Willie Wilson
Assistant Professor of Computer Science

Additional faculty not on the program committee also contribute to this program.

Major Requirements:


The Moral Psychology major in the SPM program consists of 12 courses. Of these, five courses are required as a part of a common core, and six courses are specific to the Moral Psychology major, designated below. Of these six courses, three must be in the sciences (at least one at or above the 300-level), and three must be in the humanities (at least one at or above the 300-level). The remaining course can be from either major or from the following list: BIO 330 ; BIO 343 ; CPS 222 ; CPS 337 ; ECO 350 ; PHI 213 PHI 217 ; PHI 381 .

Students intending to major in SPM are encouraged to take SPM 100  in their first year.

Electives:


Choose from the courses listed above, or one of the following:

Off-Campus Study:


Off-Campus Study Programs Most Frequently Attended by Cognitive Science and Moral Psychology Majors:

Budapest Semester in Cognitive Science (fall semester)

F&M in Denmark: Child Development in Cultural Context (Summer Travel Course)

IFSA direct-enroll semester university programs (Australia -Macquarie University and University of Melbourne; New Zealand-University of Auckland; Ireland-University College Dublin)

DIS Copenhagen (semester)

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